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1 καλός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `beautiful, noble, good' (Il.); on the meaning Smothers Traditio 5 (1947) 1-57, also Kretschmer Glotta 22, 261.Other forms: Primary comp. καλλίων (Alc. ntr. κάλιον [s. below], El. καλιτερος [graphic?], rarely καλώτερος, καλλιώτερος), κάλλιστος; Dor. adv. (Alcm. 98) καλλά; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 87f.Dialectal forms: ep. Ion. κᾱλός, Boeot. καλϜοςCompounds: As 1. member rare (for καλλι-, εὑ-), e. g. καλό-φυλλος `with beautiful leaves' (Thphr.; after μακρό-, λειό-φυλλος etc.); as 2. member e. g. ἀπειρό-καλος `not knowing what is beautiful' (Pl.; from τὸ καλόν). Note esp. καλοκἀγαθία (orators, X.), univerbating abstract of καλὸς κ(αὶ) ἀγαθός (IA.; see Berlage Mnemos. 60, 20ff.)Derivatives: καλότης `beauty' (Chrysipp. Stoic. 3, 60). - With geminate: 1. κάλλος n. `beauty' (Il.), as 2. member e. g. in περι-καλλής `very beautiful' (Il., bahuvrihi); from there κάλλιμος `beautiful' (Od., h. Hom.; after κύδιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 10ff.), καλλύνω `give beauty, make beautiful, sweep' (S., Pl., Arist.) with καλλυντής `sweeper' (pap. IIa), κάλλυντρον `broom', also name of a shrub (Arist.), κάλλυνθρον `duster' (LXX, pap.), καλλυντήρια n. pl. name of a purification feast (Phot., EM), καλλύσματα pl. `dust' (Keos). Fom κάλλος further καλλονή `id.' (cf. ἡδονή), καλλοσύνη `id.' (E.). - 2. compar. καλλίων, κάλλιστος (Il.); from there καλλιόομαι `be made more beautiful' (LXX), καλλιστεύω, - ομαι `be the most beautiful' (Ion.) with καλλιστεῖον, καλλίστευμα `sacrifice of the most beautiful, price of beauty, price of honour' (S., E., inscr.). - 3. καλλι- as 1. member (Il.); e. g. καλλι-γύναικ-α, - ος, -ι `with beutiful women' (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 62), also in PN, from where short names like Καλλίας etc.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From Att. κᾰλός and Ion. κᾱλός, both from καλϜός (see Sommer Nominalkomp. 59 n. 3), deviate the noun κάλλος, the compar. forms καλλίων, κάλλιστος and the 1. member καλλι- through the gemination. An explanation is still wanting. The for κάλλος (and καλλίων, κάλλιστος, cf. Benveniste Origines 84; analogical καλλι- ?) proposed basis *κάλ-νος or *κάλ-ι̯ος (hardly to Skt. kalya-, s. below) do not inspire confidence, as κάλλος seems a Greek innovation; cf. Chantraine Formation 416f. The assumpion of an expressive gemination (Chantraine) is possible, but is only an emergency solution. For καλλι- too there is no good explanation. Beside καλ-Ϝός with old u̯o-suffix one would expect as 1. member καλι- (retained in κάλιον [Alc.]?), which Wackernagel KZ 61, 191ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 352ff.) finds back in Skt. kaly-ā́ṇa- `beautiful' (prop. `with beautiful arms, λευκώλενος'?; cf. on ὠλένη); rejected by Mayrhofer Wb. s. kalyaḥ1). After Schwyzer 447 n. 6 καλλ- would come from antevocalic *καλι̯-, from where καλλι- and as backformation κάλλος etc. Diff. Risch par. 62a: - λλ- from a comparative *κάλλων \< *καλι̯ων, from where κάλλιστος etc.? Similarly Seiler Steigerungsformen 68ff.: a comp. ntr. *κάλλον \< *κάλι̯ον was considered as positive and resulted in κάλλιον, καλλίων (from where κάλλιστος etc.). - The only non-Greek comparison is Skt. kalyā́ṇa-, with ep. class. kalya- `robust, prepared'. The Germanic words, ONo. hǫldr and OHG helid `warrior, Held' must be kept separated.Page in Frisk: 1,766-767Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλός
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2 κοσμέω
κοσμέω impf. ἐκόσμουν; fut. κοσμήσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐκόσμησα. Pass.: aor. ἐκοσμήθην LXX; pf. 3 sg. κεκόσμηται, ptc. κεκοσμημένος; plpf. 3 sg. ἐκεκόσμητο (s. κόσμος; Hom.+).① to put in order so as to appear neat or well organized, make neat/tidy (Od. 7, 13; X., Cyr. 8, 2, 6; 6, 11; SIG 1038, 11 τράπεζαν; PThéad 14, 18; Sir 29:26; 50:14; Just., A II, 5, 2 al; Tat. 12, 1; τὸν κόσμον Mel., P. 82, 616) trim, of lamps Mt 25:7. In imagery of a person as a house from which a possessive spirit has departed tidied, fixed up, put in order Mt 12:44; Lk 11:25 (for another nuance s. 2aβ below).② to cause someth. to have an attractive appearance through decoration, adorn, decorate (Hes. et al.; LXX; SibOr 3, 426)ⓐ lit.α. of pers. τινὰ ἔν τινι someone w. someth. (Diod S 17, 53, 3 ἐν ὅπλοις=with [splendid] weapons; TestJud 13:5 ἐν χρυσίῳ καὶ μαργαρίταις) 1 Ti 2:9. Pass. (Xenophon Eph. 1, 2, 2 παρθένοι κεκοσμημέναι; TestSol 7:4 D; JosAs 4:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 444) νύμφη κεκοσμημένη a bride adorned for her husband (Achilles Tat. 3, 7, 5; s. TestJud 12:1) Rv 21:2; cp. Hv 4, 2, 1. Of women (POxy 1467, 5 γυναῖκες κεκοσμημέναι) κοσμηθεῖσαι πρὸς μοιχείαν beautified for adultery ApcPt 9:24 (cp. TestReub 5:5 κ. πρὸς ἀπάτην διανοίας; TestJos 9:5).β. of things τὶ someth. pass. the temple in Jerusalem λίθοις καλοῖς καὶ ἀναθήμασιν κεκόσμηται is adorned w. beautiful stones and votive offerings (SIG 725, 2f τὸ ἱερὸν ἀναθέμασι κεκόσμηται; 1100, 21f; 1050, 6; 2 Macc 9:16; TestSol 10:5; 25:9; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 20) Lk 21:5; cp. Rv 21:19. κ. τὰ μνημεῖα (cp. X., Mem. 2, 2, 13; Jos., Ant. 14, 284 κ. τάφον) Mt 23:29. δένδρα καρποῖς κεκοσμημένα trees adorned w. fruit Hs 9, 1, 10; 9, 28, 1. This interpretation has also been assigned by some to οἶκος κεκοσμημένος a decorated house Mt 12:44; Lk 11:25 (ins ZPE 29, ’78, 213–28, ln. 67 [I A.D.]; Philo, Deus Imm. 150; SIG 326, 15 κεκοσμημένην τὴν πόλιν; Ath. 26, 2).ⓑ fig.α. make beautiful or attractive inwardly, morally (of exceptional persons Pind., N. 6, 46 [78]; Thu. 2, 42, 2 αἱ ἀρεταὶ ἐκόσμησαν; X., Cyr. 8, 1, 21; IGR IV, 288, 9 κεκόσμηκε τὸν αὑτοῦ βίον τῇ καλλίστῃ παρρησία; IPriene 105, 36; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 14 [Stone p. 82] ἐν πολλῇ ὡραιότητι) κ. ἑαυτόν adorn oneself 1 Pt 3:5 (cp. Epict. 3, 1, 26; Just., A I, 12, 2); 1 Ti 2:9.—Pass., w. dat. of the thing that adorns (Diod S 16, 65, 2 ἀρεταῖς κεκοσμημένος; IK 30, 14, 4f; 3 Macc 6:1; Philo, Op. M. 139; Just., A II, 11, 4 κεκοσμημένον τῷ … κόσμῳ) παντὶ καλῷ ἐκεκόσμητο he was adorned w. every good thing MPol 13:2. καρποῖς Dg 12:1. τ. παναρέτῳ πολιτείᾳ 1 Cl 2:8. τῷ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι 43:2. Also ἔν τινι (Sir 48:11 B, S, A οἱ ἐν ἀγαπήσει κεκοσμημένοι; TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 19f [Stone p. 26] ὁ ἐν τοιαύτῃ δόξῃ κοσμούμενος) ἐν ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς 1 Cl 33:7. ἐν τ. ἐντολαῖς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ with the commandments of Jesus Christ IEph 9:2.β. adorn, do credit to (Theognis 947 Diehl πατρίδα κοσμήσω) ἵνα τὴν διδασκαλίαν κοσμῶσιν ἐν πᾶσιν that they may do credit to the teaching in all respects Tit 2:10.—DELG s.v. κόσμος. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
3 καλλίω
καλλίαςtame ape: masc gen sg (attic epic ionic)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)καλόςbeautiful: neut acc comp plκαλόςbeautiful: neut nom comp plκαλόςbeautiful: masc /fem acc comp sg -
4 καλλίων
κάλλοςbeauty: neut gen pl (doric)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)καλόςbeautiful: masc /fem nom comp sg -
5 καλλιεύσι
καλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (epic ionic)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres ind act 3rd pl (epic ionic) -
6 καλλιεῦσι
καλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (epic ionic)καλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres ind act 3rd pl (epic ionic) -
7 καλλίου
καλλίαςtame ape: masc gen sgκαλλιόωmake more beautiful: pres imperat act 2nd sgκαλλιόωmake more beautiful: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic) -
8 καλλίους
καλλί̱ους, καλλίωνmasc /fem acc plκαλλιόωmake more beautiful: imperf ind act 2nd sg (homeric ionic)καλόςbeautiful: masc /fem nom /acc comp plκαλόςbeautiful: masc /fem acc pl -
9 μορφή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `outward (corporal) shape, form, beautiful shape, charm' (θ 170 a. λ 367; on the meaning cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 175f.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. πολύ-μορ-φος `with many forms' (Hp., Arist.) with πολυμορφ-ία (Longin., Him.).Derivatives: Three denominatives: 1. μορφόομαι, - όω, also with μετα-, δια- a.o., `assume a shape, form' (Thphr., Arat., LXX, NT, Plu.) with ( μετα-, δια-)μόρφωσις `shaping, embodiment' (Thphr., Str., Ep. Rom.); μορφ-ώτρια f. `she who forms, represents' (E. Tr.437), - ωτικός `forming' (Gal., Prokl.); also μόρφωμα `form' (Epicur., Aq.), but in trag. (A., E.) as enlargement of μορφή, cf. Chantraine Form. 186 f. -- 2. μορφάζω `make gestures, behave oneself' (X.) with - ασμός name of a dance (Ath., Poll.), `embellish' (Eust.); ἐπι-μορφάζω `pretend, simulate' (Ph.). -- 3. μορφύνει καλλωπίζει, κοσμεῖ H. (after καλλύνω a.o.); from ἄ-μορφος: ἀμορφύνειν οὑ δεόντως πράττειν H. (Antim. 72). -- Two names: Μορφώ f. surn. of Aphrodite in Sparta (Paus., Lyc.), Μορφεύς m. son of (the) Sleep (Or. Met. 11, 635), father of the dream-images created by him; Bosshardt 122 f. To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 193 f.: Μορφώ and Μορφεύς to μόρφνος. -- Adj. μορφήεις `with beautiful shape' (Pi.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἀμερφές αἰσχρόν H. points to a noun *μέρφος n., beside which μορφή as γένος: γονή, τέγος: Lat. toga a.o.; the for the verbal nouns *μέρφος and μορφή to be posited primary verb *μέρφω v.t. is unknown. Also further connections are quite hypothetical. After Solmsen KZ 34, 23 f. (s. also Persson Beitr. 2, 687 a. 689) as *'glittering motley outward aspect' with μορφνος (s.v.) to Lith. márgas `motley, manycoloured, beautiful', beside which the zero grade mirgė́ti `light up and again extinguish, shine in motley play of colours'; one should start from an IE verb * mergʷʰ- `bunt glänzen o.ä.'. Diff. on the Lith. words WP. 2, 274 and Fraenkel Wb. s. márgas. -- Not better Osthoff BB 24, 137A. (to μάρπτω), Thieme ZDMG 102, 107 (to Skt. bráhman-). -- On the attempts to connect Lat. fōrma with μορφή s. W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s.v. (DELG points to the difficulty of the ō).Page in Frisk: 2,257-258Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μορφή
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10 εκαλλιώθης
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11 ἐκαλλιώθης
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12 εκαλλιώθησαν
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13 ἐκαλλιώθησαν
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14 καλλιούνται
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15 καλλιοῦνται
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16 καλλιωθείσης
καλλιόωmake more beautiful: aor part pass fem gen sg (attic epic ionic) -
17 καλλιόω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καλλιόω
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18 ἀσκέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `work raw materials, form by art' (Il.), `exercise, train' (Hdt.).Other forms: Aor. ἀσκῆσαιOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown. The oldest meaning may be `work on material, make it better, useful, more beautiful'. As DELG remarks it might be a denom. of ἀσκός, i.e. `prepare a skin' (from there `train your body'?). Cf. Baunack Stud. 1, 258ff.Page in Frisk: 1,163-164Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσκέω
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19 εἴδομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `seem, appear, give the appearance, resemble' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. εἴσασθαι (ptc. also ἐ-(Ϝ)εισάμενος, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 182).Derivatives: εἶδος `species, appearance' εἰδύλλιον `poem, single song', εἰδάλιμος `with beautiful appearance'; εἴδωλον `picture, image', - λάτρης `who reveres idols', εἰδάλλεται φαίνεται H.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1125] *u̯eid- `see'Etymology: Beside (Ϝ)είδομαι and the σ-aorist there is the thematic aorist (Ϝ)ιδεῖν and the perfect (Ϝ)οῖδα, both old (s. v.). There is no equivalent of εἴδομαι; comparable are Celtic and Germanic forms, e. g. OIr. ad-féded `narrabat', Goth. ra-weitan `revenge', both from IE *u̯eid-, but they differ in meaning. εἴδομαι agrees semantically well to εἶδος. It may have been influenced by εἶδος. - The form ἐεισάμενος is found only in the formula (verse init.) τῳ̃ μιν ε. προσέφη; it is therefore probable that an accident led to this unusual form: the formula will have had τῳ̃ δε Ϝε Ϝεισάμενος; see Beekes Larr. 59f. (Wrong RPh. 71 (1997)157.) - Cf. ἰδεῖν, οἶδα, also ἰνδάλλεται.Page in Frisk: 1,451Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴδομαι
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20 κύκλος
Grammatical information: m., pl. also τὰ κύκλα (prop. collektiv.; Schwyzer 581, Schw.-Debrunner 37)Meaning: `circle, ring, wheel', also metaph. of circle-formed objects, e.g. `circular' place, wall round the city' (Il.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. κυκλο-τερής `made round, round' (Il.; cf. on τείρω), εὔ-κυκλος `forming a beautiful circle' (Il.); also in hypostases, e.g. ἐγ-κύκλ-ιος `going around in a circle, general' (Att. hell.; on the meaning Koller Glotta 34, 174ff.); on Κύκλ-ωψ s. v.Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. diminutiva κυκλ-ίσκος (medic., Ptol.), - ίσκιον (Dsc.). 2. - ίστρια f. `cyclic danceress' (Att. inscr.; after κιθαρίστρια a. o.). 3. κυκλά-μινος f., m. plant-name, `Cyclamen graecum, Lonicera periclymenum' (Thphr., Dsc.), also - αμίς (Orph.), after the circular root-knoll (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36; formation after σησάμινος a. o.). 4. Κυκλειών, - ῶνος m. month-name (Keos, IVa; after the feast τὰ Κύκλ(ε)ια). 5. Κυκλεύς PN (Ael. ; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 130). -- B. Adject. 1. κυκλάς f. `forming a circle', also Κυκλάδες pl. as GN `circle-islands' (IA.), Lat. LW [loanword] cyclas name of a circular cloth; κυκλιάς f. adjunct of τυρός (AP). - 2. κύκλ-ιος `circular' (Att.). 3. - ικός `circular, belonging to a circle' (Arist.), 4. - όεις (S. in lyr., AP), 5. - ώδης (Hp.) `id.'; 6. κυκλ-ιαῖος `turning in a circle' (Att. inscr.), 7. - ιακός, τὰ κυκλιακά title of a treatise on the circle (late); 8. κυκλατός `shod' of horses (pap. VIp). -- C. Verbs. 1. κυκλέω `turn in a circle, curround' (H 332) with κύκλησις `revolution' (Pl.). 2. κυκλόω `make circular, bend round, surround' (IA.) with - ωμα `rounding, round object, wheel etc.' (E.; cf. Chantraine Formation 184), - ωσις `surrounding' (Th., X.). 3. κυκλεύω `surround, go in a circle', e.g. a water-wheel, `irrigate' (Hp., Str., pap.) with κύκλ-ευμα `water-wheel', - ευτήριον `id.', - ευτής `watcher of a water-wheel' (pap. 4. κυκλίζω `turn around' (Agatharch.) with - ισμός (Arist.-comm.). 5. κυκλάζει κύκλῳ περιέρχεται. 6. κυκλαίνει στρογγυλοῖ H.Etymology: Old name of the wheel, preserved in ceveral languages: Skt. cakrá- m. n., Av. čaxra- m., Germ., e.g. OE hwēol n. ( hweowol, hweogol) \> NEngl. wheel, IE * kʷe-kʷl-o- (with intensive reduplication); besides with u-coloured weakening of the reduplicating vowel (because of the labiovelar, Schwyzer 296 a. 423) κύκλος and Toch. A kukāl (B kokale) `wagon'; further the in detail unclear Phryg. κίκλην την ἄρκτον τὸ ἄστρον H., prop. `wagon' (cf. Porzig Gliederung 183; not better Scherer Gestirnnamen 139). An also very old, unreduplicated and full grade formation is represented by OWNo. huĕl (beside hjōl = OE. hwēol), OPr. kelan, IE. *kʷélo-m n. (as ἔργον); with ο-vowel (from the collektive plural kola?; Lidén GHÅ 39: 2, 47 n. 1) OCS kolo, gen. - ese `wheel, wagon'. - At the basis is the verb `turn', s. πέλομαι. Given the further general meaning `wheel' (\> `wagon') one may ask whether κύκλος in the meaning `circle' as apposed to `wheel' is not secondary. An original meaning `turning, turner' is supposed in the Baltic word for `neck; Gm. Hals', e.g. Lith. kãklas (s. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); but the word is not only semantically, but also formally deviant (IE. * kʷo-kʷl-o- ?) from the wheel-meaning.Page in Frisk: 2,44-45Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύκλος
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